Purshia Tridentata
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''Purshia tridentata'', with the common name bitterbrush, is a shrub in the genus '' Purshia'' of the
family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Rosaceae. It is native to mountainous areas of western North America. Common names include antelope bitterbrush, antelope bush, buckbrush, quinine brush, and less commonly deerbrush, blackbrush, and greasewood. Some of these names are shared with other species.


Description

''Purshia tridentata'' is a
deciduous In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, ...
shrub growing to a height of . It has many branches and slender green, three- to five-lobed leaves 5–20 millimetres long. It is a
nitrogen-fixing Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular nitrogen (), with a strong triple covalent bond, in the air is converted into ammonia () or related nitrogenous compounds, typically in soil or aquatic systems but also in industry. Atm ...
plant. The
flower A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechani ...
s are pale yellow, with five petals 6–8 mm long, and darker yellow anthers. The
fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particu ...
is a cluster of dry, slender, leathery achenes 0.6–2 centimetres long.


Varieties

There are two named varieties of the species: *''Purshia tridentata var. glandulosa'' — Eastern Sierra Nevada,
Southern California Southern California (commonly shortened to SoCal) is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. It includes the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the second most populous urban a ...
*''Purshia tridentata var. tridentata''


Distribution

The plant is found from southeastern
British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...
in the north, east to
Montana Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columb ...
and
Wyoming Wyoming () is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the southwest, and Colorado to the s ...
, south to
New Mexico ) , population_demonym = New Mexican ( es, Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano) , seat = Santa Fe , LargestCity = Albuquerque , LargestMetro = Tiguex , OfficialLang = None , Languages = English, Spanish ( New Mexican), Navajo, Ke ...
, and west in
California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
. It grows on arid mountainsides and slopes, as well as rocky or drained soils with somewhat more moisture than the
sagebrush steppe Sagebrush steppe is a type of shrub-steppe, a plant community characterized by the presence of shrubs, and usually dominated by sagebrush, any of several species in the genus '' Artemisia''. It is often associated with ''
Balsamorhiza ''Balsamorhiza'' is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae known commonly as balsamroots. These are perennials with fleshy taproots and caudices bearing erect stems and large, basal leaves. Atop the tall stems are showy yellow sunflower-like ...
'' as well as '' Wyethia'' species, and in southern areas hybridizes with '' Purshia stansburyana''. In California it occurs between above sea level, including in the Peninsular Ranges,
Transverse Ranges The Transverse Ranges are a group of mountain ranges of southern California, in the Pacific Coast Ranges physiographic region in North America. The Transverse Ranges begin at the southern end of the California Coast Ranges and lie within Santa ...
, and Sierra Nevada, and southern Cascade Range.CalFlora Database:''Purshia tridentata''
. accessed 9.22.2013
Further north it occurs at lower elevations, such as at in British Columbia.


Uses

The shrub is an important forage plant for many game animals, including deer, especially during the winter.


References


External links



* {{taxonbar, from=Q3410988 tridentata Flora of the Northwestern United States Flora of the Southwestern United States Flora of British Columbia Flora of California Flora of New Mexico Flora of Wyoming Flora of the Cascade Range Flora of the Great Basin Flora of the Rocky Mountains Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States) Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle Flora without expected TNC conservation status